Acinar Adenocarcinoma
The most common form of prostate adenocarcinoma.
Understanding Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment diagnosis and treatment
Prostate cancer develops in the prostate gland and is one of the most common cancers affecting men. It may grow slowly and cause few or no symptoms in its early stages, making awareness, screening and timely evaluation important.
Overview
What Is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the prostate gland grow uncontrollably and form a tumour. The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It surrounds part of the urethra and contributes fluid to semen.
Many prostate cancers grow slowly and may not cause noticeable symptoms initially. Others can be more aggressive and may grow beyond the prostate or spread to other parts of the body. The grade and stage of the cancer help doctors determine the appropriate treatment approach.
Prostate cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the prostate gland begin to grow uncontrollably. The cancer can vary in its behaviour, from slow-growing tumours that may require monitoring to more aggressive cancers that can spread beyond the prostate.
Diagnosis may involve a combination of medical history, physical examination, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, imaging and, when indicated, a biopsy. Treatment is determined by factors such as the stage and grade of the cancer, overall health and individual circumstances. Depending on these factors, treatment options may include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy or other systemic treatments.
At SSO Hospitals, patients receive comprehensive prostate cancer care, from accurate diagnosis and staging to personalised treatment planning, prostate cancer surgery and long-term follow-up.
Prostate cancer begins when cells within the prostate develop changes that cause them to grow and divide abnormally. Over time, these cells can form a tumour. Some prostate cancers remain confined to the prostate, while others can invade nearby tissues or spread to lymph nodes, bones or other organs.
Symptoms
Prostate Cancer Symptoms
Early prostate cancer often does not cause symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may be related to changes in urination or more advanced disease. Possible prostate cancer symptoms include:
Clinical picture
Stages, types and how we diagnose
Prostate cancer staging helps determine whether the cancer is confined to the prostate or has spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes or distant organs.
IStage
Stage I
The cancer is confined to the prostate and is generally small or detected through testing rather than symptoms.
IIStage
Stage II
The cancer remains within the prostate but may be more extensive or have a higher-grade appearance under microscopic examination.
IIIStage
Stage III
The cancer has grown beyond the prostate or has other features indicating a higher risk of progression.
IVStage
Stage IV
The cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, distant lymph nodes or other organs. Prostate cancer commonly spreads to the bones when it becomes metastatic.
Stage and Gleason grade together decide whether surveillance, surgery, radiation or systemic therapy leads your treatment.
Most prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, which develop from gland cells within the prostate. Less common types include:
Ductal Adenocarcinoma
A less common form that develops in the ducts of the prostate and may behave differently from typical acinar adenocarcinoma.
Other Rare Prostate Tumours
These may include neuroendocrine tumours, small-cell carcinoma and sarcomas. Their treatment depends on the specific pathology and biological characteristics.
Prostate cancer diagnosis involves assessing symptoms and risk factors and may include blood testing, physical examination, imaging and prostate biopsy. No single test is sufficient to diagnose every case.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test
Digital rectal examination (DRE), when appropriate
Multiparametric MRI of the prostate
Prostate biopsy
Pathology and Gleason Grade Group assessment
CT or bone imaging in selected patients
PSMA PET-CT for staging in selected patients
PSA Test
PSA is a protein produced by prostate cells. A raised PSA level can occur because of prostate cancer, but also because of conditions such as benign prostate enlargement or inflammation. PSA results therefore need to be interpreted alongside other clinical findings.
Prostate Biopsy
A prostate biopsy involves taking small tissue samples from the prostate for examination under a microscope. The pathology report helps determine whether cancer is present and provides information about its grade and aggressiveness.
MRI & Advanced Imaging
Multiparametric MRI can help identify suspicious areas within the prostate and assist with biopsy planning and local staging. Additional imaging, including PSMA PET-CT, may be used in selected patients to assess whether cancer has spread beyond the prostate.
Prostate cancer diagnosis involves assessing symptoms and risk factors and may include blood testing, physical examination, imaging and prostate biopsy. No single test is sufficient to diagnose every case.
Risk & treatment
Prostate Cancer Causes & Risk Factors
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not always known. Certain factors are associated with a higher risk of developing the disease. Having a risk factor does not mean that a person will develop prostate cancer. Some men develop prostate cancer without any identifiable risk factor.
Increasing age
Family history of prostate cancer
Certain inherited genetic changes
including BRCA1 and BRCA2 alterations
Personal or family history of certain cancers
Certain demographic and genetic factors
Lifestyle and metabolic factors may also influence overall risk
Prostate Cancer Treatment
Prostate cancer treatment depends on the cancer's grade and stage, PSA level, risk category, overall health, life expectancy and individual preferences. Treatment options may include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and other systemic treatments.
The operation, a radical prostatectomy, removes the entire prostate with surrounding tissue and, where indicated, the pelvic lymph nodes. We use minimally invasive and nerve-sparing techniques wherever the tumour allows, to protect continence and sexual function. Age, general health, stage, Gleason score and your own priorities all feed the decision, and in some cases surgery is one part of a plan that continues with radiation based on the final pathology.
Prostate Cancer Treatment
Active Surveillance
Some localised prostate cancers grow slowly and may not require immediate treatment. Active surveillance involves regular monitoring through PSA testing, clinical assessment, imaging and, when appropriate, repeat biopsy. Treatment can be started if there are signs that the cancer is progressing.
Prostate Cancer Surgery
For selected men with localised or locally advanced prostate cancer, surgery may be recommended to remove the prostate gland and surrounding tissues. The procedure is known as a radical prostatectomy.
Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy
A minimally invasive approach that uses robotic surgical technology to assist the surgeon in removing the prostate. Suitability depends on the cancer's characteristics, anatomy and the surgeon's assessment.
Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
A minimally invasive surgical approach performed through small abdominal incisions in selected patients.
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells. It may be used as a primary treatment for selected localised cancers or alongside hormone therapy in certain higher-risk or locally advanced cancers.
Hormone Therapy
Prostate cancer cells often depend on male hormones called androgens for growth. Androgen deprivation therapy reduces the effect or production of these hormones and may be used alone or alongside other treatments, depending on the stage and risk of disease.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy may be recommended for selected patients with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. It may be combined with hormone therapy or other systemic treatments depending on the individual's disease characteristics.
Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy
Molecular and genetic testing may identify specific characteristics that can guide treatment in selected patients with advanced prostate cancer. Targeted therapies and other precision treatments may be considered when appropriate.
Treatment for Advanced Prostate Cancer
When prostate cancer spreads beyond the prostate, treatment generally focuses on controlling the cancer, slowing its progression and managing symptoms. Depending on the individual case, treatment may involve hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted treatment, radiation therapy or other systemic therapies.
Multidisciplinary Prostate Cancer Care
Prostate cancer care may involve uro-oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, radiology, pathology and other specialists. A multidisciplinary approach helps coordinate diagnosis, staging and treatment decisions according to the patient's individual needs.
Where cancer has already reached lymph nodes or bone, we lead with radiation, hormone or systemic therapy instead.
Why SSO?
Why Choose SSO Hospitals for Prostate Cancer Care?
Prostate cancer treatment can involve multiple approaches depending on the cancer's risk category and stage. SSO Hospitals brings together urologic oncology and multidisciplinary cancer expertise to support patients through diagnosis, treatment planning, surgery and follow-up care.
- Specialised uro-oncology expertise
- Robotic and minimally invasive surgical options when appropriate
- Comprehensive cancer diagnosis and staging
- Multidisciplinary treatment planning
- Individualised treatment pathways
- Coordination across surgical, medical and radiation oncology
Our specialists
Our Prostate Cancer Specialists
Meet our specialists involved in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate and other urological cancers.
18+ YrsDr. Kant Shah
Paediatric Cancer Surgery · Paediatric Robotic Surgery · Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery · Paediatric Hepatobiliary Surgery · Paediatric Urology · Minimally Invasive Paediatric Surgery
SRCC, Mumbai
14+ YrsDr. Shrikant Atluri
Uro-Oncology · Robotic Urologic Surgery · Kidney Cancer · Bladder Cancer · Prostate Cancer · Genitourinary Cancers
SSO Cancer Hospital, Ghatkopar West
8+ YrsDr. Veeresh Kumar Ireddy
Robotic Surgery · Minimally Invasive Cancer Surgery · GI & HPB Oncology · Breast Oncology · Thoracic Oncology · Gynaecological Oncology · Cytoreductive Surgery & HIPEC
SSO Cancer Hospital, Belagavi
FAQs
Frequently Asked Questions About Prostate Cancer
If yours isn't here, call +91 - 8976897203 and ask us directly.
Early prostate cancer often causes no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include difficulty urinating, weak urine flow, frequent urination, blood in the urine or semen, and persistent pelvic, hip or back pain in more advanced disease.
No. PSA can be elevated for several reasons, including benign prostate enlargement and inflammation. A raised PSA may lead to further evaluation, which can include an examination, MRI or biopsy depending on the clinical situation.
Radical prostatectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the prostate gland and surrounding tissues for selected patients with prostate cancer. It may be performed using an open, laparoscopic or robotic-assisted approach depending on the individual case.
Yes. Prostate cancer can spread to the bones, particularly in advanced disease. If bone metastases are suspected, additional imaging may be used to assess the extent of spread and guide treatment.
Yes. Depending on the cancer's risk category and stage, treatment may include active surveillance, radiation therapy, hormone therapy or other systemic treatments. Surgery is one of several possible treatment approaches.
The exact cause is not always known. Risk increases with age and may also be influenced by family history, inherited genetic changes and other genetic or lifestyle factors.
Some localised and locally advanced prostate cancers can be treated with curative intent. The treatment approach depends on the cancer's stage, grade, PSA level and other individual factors.
Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy is a minimally invasive surgical approach in which the surgeon uses a robotic surgical system to remove the prostate. It may be considered for selected patients with localised or locally advanced prostate cancer.
Survival varies according to the stage, grade, risk category and response to treatment. Population-level survival statistics cannot predict an individual's outcome. Your doctor can explain your prognosis based on your specific diagnosis.
Google reviews
What our patients say about us
Unedited words from patients and families, straight from our review pages.
4.8800+ Google reviews
IMIrshad MulllajiGoogle review
“My wife is under treatment of Dr Chetan Anchan… large bone pathological fracture curettage and reconstruction, successfully done. He is a great man, great doctor, always there for patients.”
PSPriti ShahGoogle review
“Dr. Sanket Mehta is a life saving doctor, he treated my father and cured his colon cancer. Ms. Rida from Charni Road branch helped throughout the follow up.”
IMIrshad MulllajiGoogle review
“My wife is under treatment of Dr Chetan Anchan… large bone pathological fracture curettage and reconstruction, successfully done. He is a great man, great doctor, always there for patients.”
PSPriti ShahGoogle review
“Dr. Sanket Mehta is a life saving doctor, he treated my father and cured his colon cancer. Ms. Rida from Charni Road branch helped throughout the follow up.”
NDNikit DoshiGoogle review
“We are truly thankful to Dr. Jay Anam sir, an excellent onco surgeon. The hospital was clean and well-maintained, and staff were professional yet empathetic.”
MWManasi WaghmareGoogle review
“My mother is treated under Dr. Nilesh Chordiya and his team for breast cancer. SSO supported us financially via CM fund approval.”
NDNikit DoshiGoogle review
“We are truly thankful to Dr. Jay Anam sir, an excellent onco surgeon. The hospital was clean and well-maintained, and staff were professional yet empathetic.”
MWManasi WaghmareGoogle review
“My mother is treated under Dr. Nilesh Chordiya and his team for breast cancer. SSO supported us financially via CM fund approval.”
IMIrshad MulllajiGoogle review
“My wife is under treatment of Dr Chetan Anchan… large bone pathological fracture curettage and reconstruction, successfully done. He is a great man, great doctor, always there for patients.”
NDNikit DoshiGoogle review
“We are truly thankful to Dr. Jay Anam sir, an excellent onco surgeon. The hospital was clean and well-maintained, and staff were professional yet empathetic.”
PSPriti ShahGoogle review
“Dr. Sanket Mehta is a life saving doctor, he treated my father and cured his colon cancer. Ms. Rida from Charni Road branch helped throughout the follow up.”
MWManasi WaghmareGoogle review
“My mother is treated under Dr. Nilesh Chordiya and his team for breast cancer. SSO supported us financially via CM fund approval.”
IMIrshad MulllajiGoogle review
“My wife is under treatment of Dr Chetan Anchan… large bone pathological fracture curettage and reconstruction, successfully done. He is a great man, great doctor, always there for patients.”
NDNikit DoshiGoogle review
“We are truly thankful to Dr. Jay Anam sir, an excellent onco surgeon. The hospital was clean and well-maintained, and staff were professional yet empathetic.”
PSPriti ShahGoogle review
“Dr. Sanket Mehta is a life saving doctor, he treated my father and cured his colon cancer. Ms. Rida from Charni Road branch helped throughout the follow up.”
MWManasi WaghmareGoogle review
“My mother is treated under Dr. Nilesh Chordiya and his team for breast cancer. SSO supported us financially via CM fund approval.”
Care, close to home
Nine centres across Mumbai, Ahmedabad and Belagavi. Pick what's closest and we'll match you to the right surgeon there.
SSO Ghatkopar
HospitalSilver Point, 7th Floor, Specialty Surgical Oncology Hospital and Research Centre, Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg, Kasturi Park, Maneklal Estate, Ghatkopar West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400086
089768 97203
SSO Thane
HospitalFirst Floor, Surgical Speciality Oncology Hospital, Highland Sky Arcade, Shop F, 11A and F-12, Naupada, Thane West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400602
089768 97203
SSO Hospital Andheri
Hospital2nd Floor, Specialty Surgical Oncology, New Link Rd, above Bellevue Hospital, next to Audi Showroom, Sahakar Nagar, Azad Nagar, Andheri West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400053
089768 97201
SSO Chembur
Clinic6th floor, Business Point, Ramakrishna Chemburkar Marg, near Savla Hospital, Chembur Gaothan, Kurla, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400071
089768 97201
SSO Vashi
ClinicNo. 51, Shanti Center Building, 4th floor, Clinic, above Parichay Hotel, Sector 17, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400703
082688 80185
SSO Charni Road
Clinic9th Floor, Mehta Mahal, 9 B, Shrimad Rajchandraji Marg, Charni Road East, Opera House, Girgaon, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400004
089768 97201
SRCC
HospitalNh Srcc Children's Hospital, 1-1A, Keshavrao Khadye Marg, Haji Ali, Haji Ali Government Colony, Mahalakshmi, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400034
089768 97201
Belagavi
Hospital9666A-2/D, behind BUDA Office, Ashok Nagar, Shivaji Nagar, Belgavi, Karnataka 590016
8976897201
Ahmedabad
Hospitalopp. Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay Auditorium Hall, behind Rajpath Rangoli Road, Bodakdev, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380054, India
089768 97201
